2nd year management (GE 1 +2 )

People of different nations first began to do business with one another because some countries were able to produce certain goods (food, minerals….) which other countries could not produce. Differences in soil and climate limit the cultivation of certain crops to particular regions of the world. For geological reasons also, some minerals (oil, gold…) are found only in a few regions of the world. These regional and physical differences gave a basis for international commerce after satisfactory means of transporting goods from one place to another had been developed .Because of big losses in transit; articles that were first exported were all very expensive. For long time only the rich have enough money to buy them.
As means of transport got better and transit risks diminished, international trade gradually increased. The greatest expansion took place, however, when countries found it advantageous to specialize in the production of only a few goods. Examples of specialization are Indian cotton, Japanese electronic equipment, Saudi Arabian oil, Cuban cigars, etc… such countries produce more of those few good and therefore sell them more cheaply than other countries.


Section one: Reading comprehension:
1. Are there any passive sentence in the text? If yes, how many? (1pt)
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2. Are these statements true or false according to the text? (2pts)
a- Specialization in the production of certain goods allowed countries to do business with one another.........
b- The cultivation of certain crops is limited to certain countries. ......................
c- Gold can be found in all the regions of the world. .......................
d- Poor people were able to buy the exported article in the early days.........................
3. Answer the following questions according to the text: (3pts)
a- Are minerals equally distributed in the world?
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b- Why were imported goods so expensive at the beginning?
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c- When did the greatest expansion take place?
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Section two: Text exploration:
1. Find in the text words or expressions that are similar in meaning to: (1,5pt)
Restrict (1§) = .................... enormous (1§) = ..................... beneficial (2§) =...............................
2. Find in the text words or expressions that are the opposite of: (1, 5 pt)
Similarities (1§) ≠...................... gains (1§) ≠............................... less (2§) ≠...............................
3. Turn sentence b so that it means the same as sentence a: (2pts)
1.a- Nations had developed means for transporting goods.
b- Means for………………………………………………....................................................................
2. a- The first exported goods were bought by rich people.
b- Rich people………………………………………………. ...............................................................

4. Supply the punctuation and capitals where necessary : ( 2pts)
a lot of workers have been fired because of the crisis he said
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5- Reorder the following words to make meaningful sentences: (2pts)
a) in- a- works- he- supermarket- well known
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b) use- to- they- internet- sell- the- goods
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6- Classify the following words according to their stressed syllable: (1pt)
Geological- production- economic- expansion
1st syllable 2nd syllable 3rd syllable


Section three: Written Expression. (5pts)
You are a group of foreign investors interested in opening a business in Bejaia. Send a letter to your consulate to ask for information.